In ancient Japan, the brewing of sake was a significant cultural and ceremonial practice, overseen by a specialized governmental office known as the Miki-no-Tsukasa (造酒司).

This institution played a pivotal role in the production and regulation of sake, particularly for imperial and religious ceremonies.

What Was Miki-no-Tsukasa?

Established during the Nara period (710–794 AD) under the Ritsuryō legal system, Miki-no-Tsukasa was a bureau within the Imperial Court responsible for the production and management of alcoholic beverages, including sake, vinegar, and sweet rice wine (amazake). Its primary duties encompassed:

• Sake Production: Brewing sake for court ceremonies and religious rituals.
• Quality Control: Ensuring the quality and safety of the beverages produced.
• Supply Management: Overseeing the distribution of sake to various court functions and religious institutions.

The office was staffed by officials known as kami, jō, and sakan, who managed various aspects of production and administration.

The Role of Miki-no-Tsukasa in Sake Culture

Sake held a sacred status in ancient Japan, often used as offerings to deities (omiki) in Shinto rituals. The Miki-no-Tsukasa ensured that the sake used in these ceremonies met the required purity and quality standards.

Their work was integral to maintaining the spiritual and cultural practices of the time.

The Miki-no-Tsukasa Well at Heijō Palace

Archaeological excavations at the Heijō Palace site in Nara have uncovered a well associated with the Miki-no-Tsukasa. This well, known as the Miki-no-Tsukasa Well, is believed to have been used to draw water for sake production.

Notably, the well features a circular arrangement of stones and a central wooden shaft made from a hollowed-out cedar tree, indicating the importance of water quality in sake brewing.

Legacy of Miki-no-Tsukasa

While the Miki-no-Tsukasa no longer exists, its influence persists in Japan’s rich sake brewing traditions.

Modern sake production continues to value the principles of purity, quality, and ceremonial significance that were central to the Miki-no-Tsukasa’s operations.

The historical practices established by this ancient office laid the groundwork for the sophisticated sake brewing techniques seen today.

Conclusion

The Miki-no-Tsukasa exemplifies the deep connection between sake and Japanese culture, highlighting how this revered beverage has been interwoven with the nation’s spiritual and social fabric since ancient times.

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